Quick answer
Many 12-inch LPs play at 33⅓ RPM and many 7-inch singles at 45 RPM, while 78 RPM discs are a separate format. Read the record label and turntable manual because exceptions exist.
Common playback-speed chart
| Speed | Common disc association | Check before playing |
|---|---|---|
| 33⅓ RPM | Many 12-inch LPs | Record label and turntable speed setting |
| 45 RPM | Many 7-inch singles | Label, adapter needs and turntable speed |
| 78 RPM | Many older shellac discs | Turntable support and compatible stylus |
The Library of Congress cataloging guide lists these common associations by disc size and speed, while noting that the pattern is not universal. Some releases differ, so use the speed printed on the record or sleeve.
Playback checklist
- Read the label or sleeve for the recorded speed.
- Check that the turntable supports that speed.
- For 78 RPM records, confirm the cartridge and stylus guidance from the maker.
- Use the correct adapter for a small center hole if the record requires one.
- Avoid changing the cartridge or stylus without following the manufacturer’s instructions.
See whether a turntable needs a phono preamp and portable cassette player buying guidance. Browse record players.
Related guides
- 35mm vs 120 Film: A Format Comparison Chart
- Screen-Free Toy Types: A Buying Chart
- Browse Analog audio.
Sources
Common questions
What does RPM mean on a record?
It means revolutions per minute, the playback speed of the disc.
Do all 12-inch records play at 33⅓ RPM?
No. Disc size and speed are common associations, not a rule for every release.
Can any turntable play 78 RPM records?
No. Check the turntable’s speed selector and the cartridge or stylus maker’s instructions.